Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Memo - Assignment Example It gives the business a room to see the direct impact of falling short on expected variables, such as procurement costs, sales levels, or number of distribution channels. Spreadsheets benefits: It does not only provide the user with a way to present numbers, but also to give the mathematical relationship between the numbers, so that the implications of the different assumptions could be prepared easily and persistently. Parameters to be changed: There will be addition in raw materials to produce more products to cater for the growing market and purchase of new equipment, to avoid overworking the old machines due to extra production of products. Increase in cost that is bound to happen due to the purchase of a new machine and extra production of products will have an effect on the Net income of the company. But because of increase in sales due to the growing market, the costs are to be covered without any problem. Nonetheless, increase in sales means increase in advertising costs, labor costs, but an increase in sales revenue is the outcome which will eventually increase the net income in the income statement. As this system is implemented, the management can track the vital in-combination cost drivers, and be proactive in auctioning changes should the need arise (Scot, Chan, & Saltelli,

Marketing Assignment Essay Example for Free

Marketing Assignment Essay My chosen retailer is Pick n’ Pay which is a company owned by South African entrepreneur Raymond Ackerman in 1967. Pick n’ Pay was able to gain a large share of the market because Raymond Ackerman’s policy of putting offering customers the best value for their money before profit maximisation and various social responsibility programmes have made them a household in South Africa. Question 1 Pick n Pay bridges the following gaps: * Space. * Time. * Information. The space and time, value gaps are bridged by pick n’ pay, by establishing what the market really wants and providing consumer what they want at the right price in the right environment. -Information on products is readily available in stores during promotions and generally accessible in store. -Pick n’ Pay offers financial services like credit on large purchases like appliances. -Through bridging these gaps Pick n’ Pay has been able to establish long term relationship with consumers. Question 2 An organisation has to perform its primary amp; auxiliary marketing activities efficiently and in a timely manner to ensure that the needs/ of the customer are met. Pick n’ Pay also owns its own transportation fleet so they have more control over meeting demand on time. * Pick n Pay conducted detailed market research in order to properly serve its market as all store formats are as diverse as the geographic area they operate in, from the large hypermarkets to the express stores in petrol stations, they cater to all different market segments. Pick n’ Pay also own Boxer supermarkets which cater to low income groups such as rural areas. * They form of standardisation and grading is their policy of giving consumers double their money back on Pick n’ Pay products if they not satisfied with the quality, This policy enabled Pick n’Pay to gain the trust of consumer which translates into Customer loyalty. All other products offered by Pick n’ Pay have to follow certain regulations before being offered to the public. Pay has to take the necessary steps to ensure that products like fruits are available all year round which means such products need to be stored in fridges and other products have to be stored properly so they don’t get damage before getting to the actual store so they don’t incur any losses. * The risk of loss or damage is to be mitigated by the form of having insurance policy to cover the business. * Pick n’ Pay borrows money from banks to cover the day-to-day operations; Raymond Ackerman says many businesses that were destined for greatness failed because they didn’t have enough cash to run their daily operations. I would say Pick n’ Pay uses the societal marketing-oriented concept because of their environmental initiatives which have even gained the organisation a Sunday Times Top Brand Grand Prix award for the company that did the most to promote â€Å"green† issues and social upliftment of communities. Raymond Ackerman stresses the importance of doing â€Å"good† business which means implementing sustainable practices in the work environment and doing what the business is obligated to do in terms of social responsibility. Here are some environmental initiatives have introduced: * Green Products- Products that are 100% recyclable with active ingredients that are made from sustainable,natural ingredients. * Introduced limited edition eco-friendly bags to limit the use of plastic bags * Pick n’ Pay vehicles use a low sulphur content diesel and ozone-friendly lubrication oils. * Setting up recycling points at Pick n’ Pay stores * In 2009 they opened up 3 Pick n’ Pay express stores, starting a new era of green retailing. These type strategies will gain the business long term customers because of its awareness of contributing positively to the environment. Question 4 I would say my chosen retailer has evolved to this level because they the good relationship it has with its stakeholder that’s why they have been able to offer the market such good prices and within any business you need to maintain good relationship with your suppliers for example, this would ensure that everything is delivered in a timely time and with your employees to ensure that their product are product and know what’s expected of them. Pick n Pay has a number of policies and guidelines to govern relationships with its stakeholders so every interaction with its stakeholders is morally sound and is in line with the correct practices so that customers are satisfied and customers are retained. Question 5 5. 1 The micro environment of Pick n’ Pay is its internal stakeholders which would be: * Employees * Investors * Management The business has full control over this environment. The market environment is the outside of the business and the business can only control this environment to a certain degree. The market environment comprises of: * Suppliers * Competitors- Checkers,Spar,Woolworths. * Customers * General Public – Brand Perception and Brand awareness. 5. 2 Pick n Pay is a company that focuses a lot on physical environment and socio economic issues as it recognises the importance of sustainability practices in its business due to the fact that natural resources are not available in infinite quantities and the damage us humans are doing to the environment. Pick n’ Pay has also implemented programmes that challenge socio economic issues such as unemployment. Here some the changes and programmes implemented to adapt to changes/trends in the macro environment: * Setting up recycling points at Pick n’ pay which in turn provides employment. * â€Å"Green† products – 100% recyclable products with natural active ingredients that don’t harm the environment. * BEE programmes which allows people from disadvantaged backgrounds to own a Pick n’ Pay franchise store. * Pick n’ Pay company also recently extended its ‘Green Range’ of household products to include garbage bags made from 100% recycled material, 70% of which is post-consumer recycled materials.

Recruitment Selection And Retention And Sainsburys Management Essay

Recruitment Selection And Retention And Sainsburys Management Essay Human resources are the people who work in an organisation; they are the most important people in every organisation. Human resources can provide hard and clear method of their value to look up the performance. Human Resources Management (HRM) is to enables the organisation and member of staffs to use their skills to achieve the goals and relationship. At the means time, HRM must guarantee the agreement is satisfied. Human Resources Management (HRM) at Sainsburys is to recruit, develop and maintain quality of staff because the staffs are come from different resources to work in the same organisation. The HRM department is deal with recruitment, training, motivation, salaries, induction and career planning. The reason of training is to give opportunities to the staffs to develop knowledge, attitudes, and skills to help Sainsburys to achieve the goals. To be successful, Sainsburys has found out about the needs and objectives of every single staff, for example through the assessment process and then creating the opportunities within the organisationand outside the organisation for staffs to improve themselves. Sainsburys HR Policies Sainsburys has given the applicants an equal opportunities policy to be treated at the same way. The Sainsburys is respects applicants privacy. Any information that applicants have given is security and keeps with extreme care. The HRM will ensure and keep all the information safely. They will only use the information in a sensible time. They will store the information that the applicants provide to them for a limited time only if the application is unsuccessful. Recruitment, selection, and retention Recruitment for Sainsburys is the process to have the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It is important to organisational performance. Recruitment is an important activity, not just for the HR team but also for line managers who are increasingly involved in the selection process. All those involved in recruitment activities should be aware of relevant legislation.   There are two main processes for selecting applicants: short listing and assessing applicants to make a decision who should be offered a job. To use a variety of tools appropriate to the time and resources available to make to decision of selection. To ensure Sainsburys is fair and reliable; all the tools they use should be certify and regularly review. Recruiting and selection the best member is only half of the conflict. Sainsburys realise that to maintaining and developing their members are more important. Sainsburys has found the best way is to keep their members around the goal and provide plenty of opportunities for everyone, to achieve their potential. Sainsburys has started their retention program since 2004, and they have reduced the number of non-management members leaving each year. Sainsburys will advertise their vacancies in their website www2.sainsburys.co.uk. When applications want to apply for a position, they will need to provide their personal information as below: Name Address Postcode Date of birth Marital status Qualifications Employment history National Insurance Number 2 references contact information CV (for certain roles only) The HR department will use all this information to: To process the recruitment application They may use telephone or email to contact the applicants to discuss their application If the applicants approval to the application, they will be consider for selection position which may be equivalent to Internal record keeping Complete their legal obligation Frame recruits records if application is successful If the applicants are successful in their application, HR department will contact referees to get references When HRM department post a job advertisement, they will always follow or remember about Anti Discrimination Legislation. The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Makes criminal to discriminate in an advertisement by mention sex The Race Relations Act 1976 Makes criminal an advertisement that discriminates against any particular race The Age Discrimination Regulations 2006 Makes criminal to discriminates against employees on account of their age Task 2: Building Winning Team The principles of team working may be easy to understand, but the mission of installing it can be quite scary. Introducing team working is not straight forward job, the simple matter of adding a new idea to those already in place. It is about making a fundamental change in the way people work. Every team working application is different. Each organisation, department and individual group is faced with unique problems and in some situations it is more about getting rid of old ways of doing things than injecting new ones. (J. Wilson, Building Team- with attitude) Meredith Belbin a British researcher and management theorist, best known for his work on management teams. He developed one of the most popular and widely used analyses of individual roles within a work group or a team. Teamwork has always been a system that has proved productive over the year. The most consistently successful team involve a range of roles undertaken by a mixture of members. Meredith Belbin has carry out a study that took many years of work, and the results are held in high regard. Belbin has created nine useful types team roles. Belbin Team-Roles Inventory Team roles Strengths Allowable weaknesses Plant Creative, imaginative, personal Solves difficult problems Ignores information Too thoughtful to communicate well Monitor evaluator serious, tactical and sensitive Sees all options Judges accurately Lacks drive and ability to inspire others Specialist Single minded, self sharing, enthusiastic Provides knowledge and skills in rare supply Contributes only on a narrow front Dwells on technicalities Shaper Challenging, active, succeed on pressure The drive and courage to overcome problem Can hassle others hurts peoples feelings Implementer Disciplined, reliable, traditional and well-organized Turns ideas into handy actions Always refer to the roles fairly inflexible Slow to response to new possibilities Completer careful, hard-working, nervous Searches out errors and omission Delivers on time Inclined to worry unduly unenthusiastic to delegate Co-ordinator Mature, confident, a good leader Clarifies goals, promotes decision making Delegates well Can be seen as manipulative off-load personal work Teamworker Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic Listens, builds, averts friction unsure in crunch situations Resource investigator outgoing person, enthusiastic, communicative Explores opportunities Develops contacts Over optimistic Loses interest once initial enthusiasm has passed Task 3: Evaluate leadership The way in which the managers normally perform towards members of the teams is known as leadership style. There are four types of leadership style are using by Sainsburys as below: Laissez-faire leadership Autocratic or Authoritarian leadership Bureaucratic leadership Democratic leadership LAISSEZ FAIRE LEADERSHIP STYLE Laissez-faire style is the leader who does not actually control or involve in the task. The leader will empowerment the members to make decision, to decide what they think is best. Laissez-faire style also known as a hand off leadership style because the leader doesnt gives direction to the members. Most laissez faire styles offer no or very little guidance to the members of the same group, amidst leaving the making of decisions to other group members.   As much as it could be clearly effective in those situations where most members happen to be highly qualified and skilful in their area experience and know-how, it has often led to poor roles definition plus a sheer lack in motivation. The advantages and disadvantages of Laissez-faire leadership style: Advantages If the members are very responsible If the members are guided by his own target Disadvantages Members feel that they dont have their sense of direction and focus Poor management and no good results Members lose motivation and interest to finish a task Less communication between the teams and leaders AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Autocratic leadership style is the leader does involves and responsibility in all task. The leader can be possible to reserve the right decision. The leader will make all the decision and they will not ask or allow any of the members to give any suggestion and opinion. All the members are under control by the leader. Autocratic leadership style is one of the oldest styles and is the easiest style to see the immediate goals. When the important tasks are handled quickly and correctly, the leader need to make sure all the members are exactly know where they need to be and doing their job. This leadership style will make the assistants depressed because there is too much direct inspection To be a successful autocratic leader in Sainsburys, the leader needs to remember few things as follow: Respect the assistants Explain to rules Be consistent Educate before enforce Listen, even if you dont change The advantages and disadvantages of Autocratic leadership style: Advantages Where control is necessary Very effective when is stressful Members can become more potential to improve the organisation Leaders have the best idea More motivation for the members Quick decision and less argument Disadvantages Create a panic and offence environment Progress will delay Sometimes can be annoying the team members Leaders are responsibility for the results Members feel unhappy and fail to appreciate Less chances to communicate with each other BUREAUCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Bureaucratic leadership follows a close set of standards. The leader does everything should be according to procedure, rules and policy. The entire task done in an exact, specify way to make sure safety and truth. The leader normally works in a dangerous environment and need to specific some necessary procedures to ensure the safety. Advantages Team members have to follow the routine which is given Team members need to know certain principles or procedures Team members are given security and safety training Members of teams are involving in cash handling if require Leader will always need to communicate with team members Disadvantages Members lose their motivation and interest Members do only what is expected DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Democratic leadership style is called the partnership style because it encourages team members to be a part of decision making. This leadership style is a very open and collegial style of running a group. The leader will always discuss with or ask permission from members before decide anything. Advantages More motivation and interesting More chances to communicate between leader and team members Can get or share different idea, opinion, experience Can build a good relationship between leader and members Decision will be more accurate Disadvantages Spend more time to make a decision Situation can develop where responsibilities are not clear cut. Cooperation can result in actions that are not the most effective THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Great Man Theory Behavioral Theory Management Theory Relationship Theory Great Man Theory Great Man theory believed that the ability for leadership is natural, means that the leaders are born but not made. Also describe the leaders are brave enough, mythic and designed to develop the leadership when it needed. Early research on leadership based on the study of great leaders. These people were often from the elite, as some of the lower classes had the opportunity to lead. Contributed to the impression the leadership had little to do with reproduction. Great ideas mythic domain of human thought that in times of need, a great man, will create magic with almost, lost. Easy to verify that people like Eisenhower and Churchill was the point, go back and forth only those with time, even Jesus, Moses, Mohammed and Buddha. Gender issues table when the Great Man theory was proposed were not. Most leaders were male, and a great womans thought leadership in other areas was generally. The researchers were also male, and andocentric bias to worry about was a long way from being realized. Behavioral Theory Behavioral theories of leadership do not seek inborn traits or capabilities. Rather, they see exactly what politicians do. If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it may be very easy to work on the same way other people. Its easy to teach and learn then the more short-term property or capabilities adopt. Behavioral trait theory assumes that leadership ability that can be contained rather than, can be learned is a big leap. It opens the floodgates to leadership development, as opposed to simple psychometric assessment that with the leadership of the kind of people who will never get the chance. Develop a behavioral theory is quite simple, as you just assess both leadership success and the actions of politicians. With a large enough study, you then can correlate with success statistically significant behavior. You can identify the behaviors that contribute to failure, thus adding another layer of understanding. Management Theory Management Theory, also identified as Transactional theory, it is focus on the role of supervision, organization and group performance. Team members perform their best if the task is clearly given and they need to be carefully and make sure that expectations are met. The management theory is bases leadership on a system of rewards and punishments. When team members are performing well, they are giving reward; when they performing poorly, they are giving punishment. For management theory is very important to have rules, standards and procedures. The management theory is more effective if the tasks are simple and clearly defined, so the team members are not expected to be creative. Relationship Theories Relationship theories, also known as transformational theories, it is focus on the connections between leaders and followers.  Transformational leaders are normally active, excited and passionate. They are not only involved and concerned in the process but also  motivated and encourage people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. The leaders also have high ethical and moral standards. TASK 4: Work and development needs Development needs of individual For Sainsburys to be a successful organisation and to achieve the goals, it is very important that to monitor or measure the team members performance on a regular basis. Normally Sainsburys will measure the individual members performance every six month. To measure members performance is not only to accurate performance review but also to judge and measure members potential. Sainsburys is using the ways below to measure individual performance: Quantity- the number of units produced, processed or sold Quality- the quality of work performed Timeliness- how fast to finish a job Attendant- how regular the member work Personal appearance- how they dress for work Feedback- positive and negative feedback from colleagues and customers 360-Degree or Full-Circle Appraisal:  The members performance is appraised by everyone who works together. Including managers, customers and members of other departments. After the performance measurement, Sainsburys will improve their members by giving them more training, motivation, incentives. Incentives included increasing salary and rewards. If the members are performance well they will be given rewards like presents, gift vouchers, etc; or by increasing their pay rate. Training and motivation are to provide and increase the job knowledge and individual skills at each level. It also helps the members to expend the horizons of human brain and an overall personality. Factor affecting the quality of performance Productivity- to increase the productivity of the members to achieve the long team goal of the organisation. Team spirit- to improve the sense of team work and relationship of team members. Organisation culture- to develop and improve the organisation health culture and effectiveness Quality- to improve the quality of work and work life Morale- to improve the morale of the work force Health and safety- to improve health and safety skills Training- to improve and make sure team members understand

Are Americans Allergic to Traveling Abroad? :: essays research papers

â€Å"Are Americans allergic to traveling abroad?† I asked Poonam, an immigrant from Nepal, who states that such a notion is â€Å"ridiculous†. Nepal has suffered lately due to a despotic ruler. The newspapers have recently reported that the king has cut off Nepal from the rest of the world by closing airports and shutting down communication. Poonam’s father owns a resort in Nepal, and his family has struggled to keep business open through these tough times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How do you explain that only 15% of Americans have passports to travel abroad? Is it because we are lazy?† Poonam furthers that Americans are not lazy or allergic to traveling. He points out that Americans do not have the time to travel abroad. The strength of our economy is based on the working class. He points out that most employees only receive one to two weeks of vacation. In Nepal if he were to take a vacation, his employer would give him one to two months off so that he can travel and enjoy himself. He explains that to travel to Nepal, it takes two days to get there and two takes to get back home (Baltimore). The weary traveler usually needs a day or two after each way to recover from any jet lag or from the pure exhaustion of balancing airplane and other time schedules. Poonam also points out, the vast land in United States allows Americans the opportunity to take mini-trips that can be very enriching. This is one of his favorite aspects of ou r country. Poonam who works 72 hour work weeks without overtime, will spend his only day off taking his son and wife to Washington D.C. or Philadelphia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We both agree that this point is overlooked. Traveling abroad is reserved for those who do not have to work – the independently wealthy. Poonam does not believe that apathy prevents us from travel, but rather our drive to succeed in our careers. I posed the question as to whether or not we work too much? He reminds me of the French government who require mandatory vacations and 35 hours work weeks. I counter with a recent news article that reported a decline in the French economy. The French government is thinking of reversing the 35 hour work week law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am definitely very interested in traveling. I have started taking French lessons so that I can travel abroad.

Cloud Operating System Architecture

Cloud Computing Architecture Tall Tanager developer. [email  protected] Com Abstract? A bright vision of the future sparks up with the new technologies of cloud computing. A new perspective towards how files, pictures, documents are shared, accessed and modified over the World Wide Web. In this we take a look at the architecture of cloud computers, identify and explain the different layers from client to host. It also discusses how we will be able to design, implement, develop and innovate in the future with cheaper costs, better efficiency by the use of powerful systems on the cloud almost anytime and anywhere around the globe.A world with incredible virtual systems being made affordable for everyone. Looking ahead the next decade, cloud computing promises to collaborate everywhere through mobile devices. Introduction Cloud computing can be seen as a very promising future of computing with cheaper costs, application efficiency and a door opening for millions of people around the g lobe not being able to afford powerful systems for education, work and development.Given the ability that it will allow people to conduct geophysical modeling experiments, render high-end graphics almost anywhere and anytime in he world will lead to innovation by many with ideas being capable of implementing them for an affordable cost. It can store immense amount of data, improve accessibility, secure data by making it available to authorized users only and deploy web scripts for PH, Perl, ASP. NET and several others on the go as it includes a platform for an Apache and MYSELF TM Database Server.Most importantly sharing videos, music and documents across the internet would be far more efficient as files would no longer be required to uploaded instead would require access-permission. From modeling AD graphs to integrate photos, maps with a handful of web services, loud computing would highly benefit large business corporations. Keywords? collaborate, affordable costs, efficiency, in tegrate The Layers – An Outer Look Here is a representation of architecture of a common cloud computer.The first layer being the client layer is a web browser on a mobile or tablet device. An application has three layers, graphical interface layer (user interaction), application layer (the coding-level) and the database layer (for storing data). Figure 1-1 (Graphical Representation of the different layers) Next we have cloud services, the service required for applications to run I. Apache services, database servers etc. This layer cannot be directly modified by the client. Alongside these is the cloud runtime for storage and table services.These could be various applications such as an anti-virus tool, a service for file transfer, POP connection services. Lastly we have the Infrastructure and storage. This has to do with the hardware, the physical design of the system to ensure maximum durability, prevent incidents such as short circuits, ensure cooling etc. Deployment and Us er Experience User Intent & Interface To be able to customize your computer and have a flexible environment to work in sakes an important factor in the overall architectural design of the system.End-users look out more for the design; the speed and accessing their programs with ease rather than worry about the infrastructure or web services. Over here the target needs to be aiming for fast application deployment, services should be updated automatically, and responsiveness should be fast. Designing On Established Trends Cloud computers are deployed on established trends to reduce cost out of the delivery of services as it increases the speed and power at which services are deployed. Cloud computing offers on-demand deployment in less time with reduced cost and maximum efficiency.From one perspective, it seems to be nothing new as it approaches concepts already built and established however from another perspective, cloud computing is something complete new as it develops ideas on ho w we deploy, update, scale, invent and maintain our applications over a huge network. Over the last few years, virtual machines have become the standard deployment object. We have seen how people connect to remote computers using built-in applications. As we can see, it further improves the flexibility as the system is total pendent on the host.For instance, a person can rent a computer for a few hours being provided the authentication by host. This way, many people can have access to powerful systems for less cost without needing to upgrade hardware to enhance their systems. Figure 1-2 shows a typical remote desktop connection. This shows how cloud computing has revolutionized over the years and been made better. Cloud computing promises us in the future to be able to access computers through web browsers with reliability and an affordable cost. Keywords? on demand deployment, flexibility, fertilization, hypothesisFigure 1-2 (a typical remote-desktop connection) Infrastructure Prog rammable Infrastructure In the past, developers would identify how the various component of application would be managed, secured, modified, interconnected, and deployed. Now a developer would be able to use a Cloud Provider's API to manipulate the application on the go and not only that but to manage tremendous work load changes. Consider this analogy: A Java developer creates and deletes thread to do multiple activities at the same time however now developers can do the same but modify the application dynamically giving them power to accommodate accordingly.To make the best out of cloud computing, a developer must be an architect being able to create a self-logging and self-expanding application for best user experience. Infrastructure as a Service (alas) alas is one of the fundamental service models of cloud computing. It provides computing resource in a brutalized environment, â€Å"the cloud†, usually through a public network like the Internet. It includes attributes suc h as virtual server space, network bandwidth, IP etc. A hypothesis such as Java VIM creates virtual machines and/or allows you to connect to one over the internet.Platform as a Service (Pas) Pas is another fundamental service model of cloud computing. In these models, the provider delivers services such as an operating system, an executable environment (programming environment), database server etc. Application developers can run and develop their programs on this platform service without the cost of buying additional hardware. This is extremely useful to the ones whom cannot afford the luxury of powerful systems and complexity of managing hardware. Software as a Service (AAAS) AAAS is Just another fundamental service model of cloud computing.

Araling Panlipunan

Central Bank is the bank of a country a nation. Its main function is to issue currency known as ‘Bank Notes'. This bank acts as the leader of the banking system and money market of the country by regulating money and credit. These banks are the bankers to the government, they are bankers' banks and the ultimate custodian of a nations foreign exchange reserves. The aim of the Central Bank is not to earn profit, but to maintain price stability and to strive for economic development with all-round growth of the country There is now hardly any country which does not have a Central Bank of its own.It acts as a great engine of growth of a State. In India, the RBI was established in 1935 and this Bank has since been functioning as the Central Bank of the country (this is not to be confused with ‘Central Bank of India', which is only a commercial bank). The Central Bank of different countries is known by different names like Reserve Bank in India, Bank of England in U. K. , Feder al Reserve System in U. S. A. , etc. (ii) Commercial Banks: A bank, which undertakes all kinds of ordinary banking business, is called a commercial bank. It is so called because it provides money and credit for commercial and trade activities.They receive short and medium term deposits from the public and grant short-term loans, and advances. They supply working capital to industries and enable them to carry on production and manufacturing activities. They grant loans and advances on the stocks of agricultural commodities, industrial goods, etc. They discount internal and foreign bills and thereby finance the International trade. They also perform certain agency services such as collection of cheques, dividends, interest on investments, issue of drafts, letter of credit, Travelers' Cheques, Investment Advisory Services, etc.(iii) Industrial Banks or Financial Institutions: An Industrial Bank is one which specialises by providing loans and fixed capital to industrial concerns by subs cribing to share and debenture issued by public companies. They play an important role in the establishment and growth of industries. The block capital required for the acquisition of fixed assets, etc. , is supplied by investment banks. They provide long-term loans and credits for periods varying between 5 and 15 years for industries to acquire fixed assets.They may serve as catalytic agents in mobilisation of capital in other forms of assistance such as, underwriting, guarantee, etc. These banks are nowadays grouped as ‘Development Financial Institutions'. These banks are very popular in Germany and Japan. In India, we have several Industrial Finance Corporations in addition to the â€Å"Industrial Development Bank of India†. Both, Development Financial Institutions and Commercial banks, nowadays, finance infrastructural development activities, which include construction of transport facilities, building of power-supply stations, etc.(iv) Exchange Banks (Authorized De alers in Foreign Exchange): These types of banks are primarily engaged in transactions involving foreign exchange. They deal in foreign bills of exchange import and export of bullion and otherwise participate in the financing of foreign trade. They do a number of incidental services such as opening of letters of credit, issue of Foreign Currency Drafts and Travellers' Cheques and supply of information about foreign customers. They provide credit and loans in foreign currency and also accept deposits in Foreign Currency.They require huge capital and trained staff as it is a risky business. They maintain branches in foreign countries at important trade centres. In the past foreign banks operating in India would deal in foreign exchange and were known as exchange banks. Nowadays, many Indian banks deal in foreign exchange with special authorisation from Reserve33ank of India and known as Authorised Dealers in Foreign Exchange. As per Foreign Exchange Regulation Act banks dealing in For eign Exchange related activities require the permission of Reserve Bank of India.This is applicable to both Indian and Foreign Banks. (v) Co-operative Banks: They are organized on co-operative principles of mutual help and assistance. They grant short-term loans to the agriculturists for purchase of seeds, harvesting and for other cultivation expenses. They accept money on deposit from and make (vi) Land-mortgage Banks (Presently known as Agriculture and Rural Development Banks): They are agriculture development banks. The Land-mortgage banks supply long-term loans for a period up to 15 years for development of land to improve agricultural yields.They grant loan for permanent improvements in agricultural lands. They create negotiable bonds out of real estate like land, buildings, etc. They raise funds by floating debentures and by borrowing from the government. The Agriculture Finance Corporation was the first Indian Institution to set up finance for development of Agriculture. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was constituted by the Government to promote rural development. (vii) Indigenous Banks:The Central Banking Enquiry Commission defined an indigenous banker as an individual or firm accepting deposits and dealing in indigenous lending of money to the needy. They form unorganised part of the banking structure, i. e. , these are unrecognised operators in receiving deposits and lending money. In India the Marwaris, the Multanis, the Jains, the Sowcars, the Nattukottai chettiars are some of the leading indigenous bankers who charge high rates of interest on their lendings. In rural areas, they still provide substantial finance to agriculturists and small traders.(viii) Savings Banks: These are institutions which collect the periodical savings of the general public. Their main object is to promote thrift and saving habits among the middle and lower income sections of the society. They have certain restrictions on number of withdr awals in a year to discourage spending. In almost all countries, postal authorities also run savings bank accounts and their working is regulated by the government. The first savings bank was started in Hamburg in 1765. In India, we have postal savings accounts. These days separate savings banks as such are very rare.In India, all commercial banks have savings accounts. The minimum balance which is required to be kept in the accounts differs from banks to banks. The rate of interest payable on the accounts by banks is determined by RBI. Presently it is 4. 5 per cent per annum. Co-operative banks are normally allowed to pay an additional 0. 5 per cent interest per annum. Interest rate on savings accounts with post offices is determined by Government of India. (ix) Supranational Banks: Special Banks have been created to deal with certain international financial matters.World Bank is otherwise known as International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) which gives long-term l oans to developing countries for their economic and agricultural development. Asian Development Bank (ADB) is another Supranational Bank which provides finance for the economic development of poor Asian countries. They generally provide finance at concessional interest rates and for long-term needs. These institutions are the creations of World bodies promoted by various countries or central banks of different countries.The European Central Bank established in June 1998 by countries in the European Union is another example of Supranational Bank. (x) International Banks: International Banks are those which are operating in different countries. While, the registered office/head office is situated in one country, they operate through their branches in other countries. They specialize in Banking business pertaining to foreign trade like opening of letters of credit, providing short-term finance in foreign currency, issue of performance guarantee, arranging foreign currency credits, etc. They are the main traders in International Currencies like US ‘dollars', Japanese ‘Yen', the new-born European Currency ‘Euro', etc. They also perform Currency Risk Management functions for clients. These banks are also known as Multinational Banks since, they operate from many countries. These banks make possible the flow of money/credit from one country to from the above, it can be understood that the classification of banks cannot be rigid. We find that banks are providing finance in more than one field that is why, it is rightly said that they are â€Å"Departmental stores of Finance†.

Walden essays

Walden essays Henry David Thoreau lived from July 4, 1845, to September 6, 1847, in the cabin he had built on the shores of Walden Pond. During those twenty-six months, Thoreau recorded the material that was to appear in his second published book, Walden and Civil Disobedience. Now, the book Walden and Civil Disobedience is considered one of the most influential as well as one of the most popular books ever written in America. Thoreaus life was a noble attempt to make his fellow man understand and appreciate the full possibilities of daily existence. Thoreau failed, but he left behind a book of rules that shows men how to live rich lives without being rich. Walden and Civil Disobedience is the essence of that book. Thoreau saw people as they actually were. His standards were high, so high that he could not meet them himself. But Thoreau never gave up trying. In his efforts he called upon the wise men and the poets of the world. His life was an endless quest, a quest for beauty, for truth, for honesty, for understanding, for the betterment of all mankind. Throughout the entire book, Thoreau writes all of his work in the first person. One may think he or she is in the process of reading someones journal. Thoreau may at first seem to be arrogant, or a man for whom nothing was ever good enough. But a careful reading his work turns up phrases that deny this. I am not worth seeing personally-the stuttering, blundering, clod-hopper that I am; or The writer learns to bear contempt and to despise himself. Thoreau clearly understood the essential nature of work. Observing, thinking, and writing were what he wanted most to do. Hoeing his bean-field, carpentry, and surveying gave him enough money for his needs. To simplify things, Thoreau reduced his wants to the fewest possible. I learned...that it would cost incredibly little to obtain ones necessary food, Tho...

buy custom Quality Healthcare essay

buy custom Quality Healthcare essay One of the many barriers that disabled people face is getting quality healthcare. Sure, the government provides healthcare for the disabled, but the quality of healthcare they receive is another issue all together. Many people who are disabled receive inadequate healthcare. They do not receive healthcare that is based on whatever ailment or disability they have. Each individual is unique and should receive healthcare that is geared towards his specific needs. They should not be lumped in a class together. The program that I design will implement healthcare based on the specific needs of the individuals. I would accomplish this goal through education and by forming a partnership between the disabled and healthcare providers that would provide the best quality of life possible. According to an article published in Medical Humanities journal (Dec. 2010), titled Disabled people experience troubling differences and even disparities in healthcare, people with disabilities are often discrim inated against because of their disabilities. Healthcare providers need to be educated through varies resources, so that they can provide better healthcare to the disabled. Through disability studies, healthcare providers will get an idea of what exactly is needed to care for a person with a particular disability. Another article published by Medscape General Medicine journal dabbed: Perceptions of Primary Healthcare Services among People with Physical Disabilities, the authors explored accessibility of quality healthcare in Canada. The sample for the survey was 201 disabled individuals, who were asked to give their opinions about the healthcare they received. In the survey, it was revealed that, disabled women were able to access important screening test, but health promotion services were not offered (Branigan, Stewart, Tardif, Veltman, 2001, p. 19). As we all know, healthcare is a nationwide issue and quality healthcare is needed by all. Healthcare providers need to collaborate with the government to implement laws and obtain funding for programs that will ensure the health needs of disabled individuals are met. Approximately 10% of the global populations are people with disabilities, yet they are amongst the most underserved groups in terms of provision of quality healthcare. For disabled people, the issue of quality of and access to healthcare go hand in hand. Research shows that this population most of the time not only lack the opportunities to involve themselves in healthcare activities, but they do not also have sufficient access to healthcare (National Organization on Disability, 2000). Disabled people spend substantial efforts on educating their physicians regarding their disabilities, at times they feel that the doctors capitalize on their disabilities rather than the health problems they present. Studies carried out in the United States to examine how disabled people perceive access to and quality of medical care, showed that a significant number of respondents perceived numerous challenges with regard to access to the healthcare as compared to the quality. Access barriers for people with disabilities include lack of knowledge with regard to disabilities by healthcare providers, unmet transport needs, being denied health care by doctors because of their disabilities, negative attitudes of physicians towards disabled people, as well as architectural barriers like unreachable examination tables, lack of sufficient ramps in hospitals etc (National Organization on Disability, 2000). The numerous challenges being faced by people with disabilities have been attributed to their extensive healthcare needs, dependence on a wide range of supports and services, as well as their low or fixed incomes. Even with these challenges, little is known about supports and services needed by people with disabilities to enable them to live independently in the society, and the degree at which their needs are met by healthcare providers. This paper explores the challenges facing people with disabilities with regard to healthcare provision and provides solutions to address these challenges in order to facilitate greater participation for persons with disabilities in the society. The Problem Obtaining quality healthcare for people with disabilities has been a critical challenge in the whole world. They face numerous challenges which range from physically inaccessible locations of healthcare providers, unsuitable diagnostic and exam equipments, to failure to amend hospital policies to accommodate the accommodation and communication needs of patients with different disabilities. While a number of federal laws that have been enacted to forbid discrimination against disabled individuals for instance, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which apply even to healthcare institutions, the lack of full enforcement of such laws to date have led to disabled people continually being discriminated against in nearly all aspects of life (National Organization on Disability, 2000). The poor responses received by disabled people when seeking healthcare like the absolute denial of healthcare. Insufficient treatment is attributed to stereotypes and physicians ignorance about people with disabilities, physical/ procedural barriers, and hostility and prejudice. For instance, a deaf patient seeking for healthcare to a particular health issue might be turned away at a hospital door or given a hasty physical exam that fails to detect his or her problem, or even shouted at by healthcare providers for not bringing his own interpreters. Also the false assumption that disabled people live and get their healthcare in nursing homes has led to hospitals having diagnostic and examination equipments that are only suitable for patients who can stand or transfer themselves to tables and chairs. A study carried out in Canada to assess healthcare quality and access to people with disabilities revealed that a considerably large number of people with physical disabilities are having difficulties accessing quality, adequate and proper healthcare services. One third of the 201 respondents interviewed reported having difficulties in accessing the offices, washrooms, and equipments of their family doctors; about one fifth of them felt that their family doctors were either oversensitive or insensitive about their disabilities, and another one fifth felt that the primary healthcare they were receiving was inadequate (Branigan, Stewart, Tardif, Veltman, 2001). The findings for this study with regard to access difficulties are similar to those reported in the U.S., i.e. 38.8% and 34.8% of respondents in Canada and U.S. respectively, reported that they had difficulties in keeping medical appointments because of transportation problems. 26.9% of those interviewed said that doctors were allocating insufficient time for their medical appointments. These results are comparable to one third of American citizens with disabilities who have reported that physicians treat them hastily (Branigan, Stewart, Tardif, Veltman, 2001). The issues of health promotion and maintenance, as well as, sexual and reproductive health are also among the key problems numerous people with physical disabilities face. The survey revealed that only 54.5% of female respondents had received Pap smear tests every 2-3 years or less. Low discussion rates were also reported in the survey with only 28.4% of respondents willing to talk about sexuality, contraception, 17.9%, STDs, 14.4%, and reproductive options only 9.5% (Branigan, Stewart, Tardif, Veltman, 2001). The above low rates reflect the lack of confidence that people with disabilities have in themselves and their doctors abilities to advise them appropriately regarding the various issues affecting them. It is, however, important to note that despite the significant number of disabled patients experiencing numerous challenges in accessing health care, 82.1% of those interviewed said that they were satisfied with the healthcare services provided to them by their family doctors. 1 9.4% however, felt that the services they received were inadequate while another 21.9% though that their disabilities prevented them from receiving proper healthcare (Branigan, Stewart, Tardif, Veltman, 2001). Numerous participants in the survey attributed their unmet healthcare needs to the lack of education and knowledge in relation to disabilities and the services that should be provided for people with dissabilities. In a medical school curriculum for example, very little is taught to medical students about disabilities or how they are treated. The respondents in this study advocated for an inclusion of special education within the curriculum of medical schools so that future doctors will be aware of how to handle patients with disabilities. The implications of these studies are very clear that people with disabilities are facing a lot of challenges in accessing quality healthcare that is appropriate to their diverse needs, and something needs to be done to avert the situation. Addressing the Challenges Facing Disabled People with Regard to Accessing Quality Healthcare It is a fact that people with disabilities around the world are being underserved with regard to healthcare delivery and sweeping changes in the healthcare system are required to address the issue effectively (Drainoni, Lee-Hood, Tobias, Bachman, 2006). Meeting the medical needs of disabled people is the provision of basic healthcare, or the specified clinical needs for those with chronic conditions, and multiple disabilities are a matter of quality and equality. Just as people who are poor, old, young or those coming from a minority ethnic group face numerous challenges in receiving quality health care, people with disabilities experience the same problems, plus additional barriers. According to Garden (2010), the inclusion of special education in the curriculum of medicine schools will enable medical students to learn early enough about disabilities, and how persons with disabilities can be handled medically. This is very important because, it will help future doctors to treat disabled people equally, just like any other patient. Governments should also work closely with healthcare providers to come up with programs that integrate special education in hospitals, i.e. governments should sponsor professional development programs for healthcare providers to train them on disabilities and the medical requirements of people with disabilities. In addition, fully enforcing the anti-discrimination laws by governments will go a long way in reducing if not stopping the prejudice that disabled people face. The government should also fund public hospitals to enable them to fit out themselves with medical equipments that cater for the needs of both able and disable patients . Assuming that the funds are available, the willingness of doctors to make the necessary adjustments to accommodate the disabled is also very important. Physicians should ensure that their offices are accessible to disabled people, i.e. they should purchase examination tables that are adjustable in height and placed properly in examination rooms that accommodate diverse abilities of patients. Doctors should also learn to instill confidence in disabled patients so that they agree to be given certain tests (such as Pap smear) in alternative positions, i.e. in a wheelchair or on the side (Garden, 2010). Physicians should also be more lenient with disabled patients when it comes to keeping appointment time, taking into consideration the difficulty in finding proper transportation services facing disabled people. Though this may not auger well with consultants or doctors in private clinics, who value every minute of their time, they should, however, learn to exercise a little patience for the sake of people with disabilities. In conclusion, doctors should realize that disabled people with disabilities are equally important like any one of us, and they have the right to quality healthcare just like all of us. A change of attitude towards people with disabilities is very important. Once doctors change their attitude, it will be easier to make the above suggested necessary adjustments in order to make their clinics and hospitals more accessible to disabled patients. In addition, the government should be fully committed to providing quality healthcare to all its citizens as well as protec ting the rights of its citizens, including disabled people. They should make sure they enforce anti-discrimination laws, as well as to financially support hospitals and doctors who are willing to make adjustments to accommodate the needs of people with disabilities. Buy custom Quality Healthcare essay

By Looking Closely At Language Content Style

By Looking Closely At Language, Content, Style Show How? Fat? Can Be Considered A Typical Carve Sto Essay, Research Paper ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? When replying this inquiry one must first see what a typical Raymond Carve narrative is. After reading several of his other short narratives you can see a pattern development. His minimalist manner creates a sense of withdrawal from the narrative and its characters, nevertheless at the same clip he is still able to take you through a scope of emotions. A typical Carver narrative surely involves conversational and easy to understand linguistic communication. However at the base and beneath this are really intricate and elaborate narrative lines that frequently hold implicit in concealed messages, these messages are the readers occupation to bring out. The simpleness of Raymond Carver # 8217 ; s characters makes them complex. Though this is an dry statement as sarcasm is portion of Raymond Carver? s authorship. The individualities of his characters are simple and ordinary, but the sarcasm of the narratives makes them unusual. Most of Carver # 8217 ; s characters are similar: alone personalities without the ability to show themselves, fighting with the troubles of the day-to-day life and traveling from occupation to occupation. There is a bound to what they can bear, and even an undistinguished event can oppress their lives. Their ordinary lives all of a sudden seam non so ordinary ; they become strange. The scenes are semi-industrial American towns that make the reader depressed and dying. The secret plans of his narratives are besides comparable: the action begins with ordinary lives, which somehow prostration into darkness, depression and terror. The universe portrayed by the writer is without faith, political relations, civilization or society. The reader is left with assorted feelings: desperation and gratefulness. Our lives may be bad, but compared to those described in his narratives they seem heavenly. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? If you compare? Fat? to this analogy so one can surely see similarities. Language wise, this narrative is simple with no complex metaphors etc, Carver does non necessitate these to make the image he wants. His simple authorship manner still can convey you through a scope of emotions. At the beginning of the narrative I found it humourous, ? This adult male is the fattest individual I have of all time seen. ? This description of the adult male can be interpreted as entertaining. However as the narrative develops, this facet of temper shortly alterations into a more serious affair as one begins to feel understanding for the adult male. The elaborate description of what he eats, how he chows an vitamin D people? s comments to his weight filled me with great compassion, ? He? s truly a fatty. ? The linguistic communication used by the characters to depict the adult male can be harsh and cruel reenforcing your understanding for him. In footings of manner the usage of the first individual narrative in this narrative allows Carver to step back and have less of an interpretative influence. A first individual narrative does non let Carver to hold such control over the characters. The gives a greater sense of pragmatism. Many of George washington carvers narratives are focused on one character depicting events. In? Fat? it is based around this adult females giving her perceptual experience of proceedings, ? I say and a feeling comes over me? The adult females does non depict what this feeling is merely that she has one. This adds a turn to the narrative as the adult females is non merely concerned by this mans weight but by something else. It is our occupation as the reader to dissect this. Besides at the beginning of the narrative it is a really laid back and relaxed manner, nevertheless as the narrative progresses your emotions start to come up and you are seeking to calculate out what is truly traveling on. This is Carver? manner being able to subletely toss the whole narrative over conveying up many surprises along the manner. As with many other of his short narratives, Carver will describe something so far and merely at the point where everything is about to be exposed he stops, go forthing the remainder to our imaginativeness. At the terminal of a Carver narrative you feel baffled as such a simple event can be turned around into something life altering for a character. If one looks at the general content of the narrative so you see several analogues emerging with his other narratives. ? Fat? starts off with an ordinary individual, with an ordinary occupation in a ordinary state of affairs. However Carver? s glare is how he converts these apparently dull state of affairss into a life altering experience for the character. If one looks at? Fat? so the stoping is a complete bewilderment for the reader, ? My life is traveling to alter. I feel it. ? In? Fat? there is no existent narrative line as with his other narratives, but its stoping exemplifies Carver? s minimalist manner, maintaining everything simple on the surface, but underneath you can see that something else is traveling on. In decision? Fat? has adult male similarities with a typical Carver narrative. With its minimalist manner and dull ordinary people populating their lives, nevertheless these lives can be changed dramatically by one individual or one event. As a consequence the lives can travel into depression or make the antonym and flourish.

Integrated Enterprise System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Integrated Enterprise System - Essay Example There are various benefits that are associated with the implementation of ERP system by a business, which include improved network management, enhanced resource sharing, improved data accessibility and reduced infrastructural costs (Ray, 2011 p544). The implementation of ERP may take several models, which could be the workflow ERP implementation model that focuses majorly on the improvement of the channels through which information flows within an organization, or the partial ERP implementation model, which seeks to fix the areas of weakness in the information management system of a business, while retaining some of the traditional methods and approaches to information management, at the expense of overhauling the whole system (Glenn, 2008 p82). The successful implementation of the ERP system requires adherence to certain critical success factors, such as the top management commitment, selection of a competent project and technical team, as well as clear budgeting and goal setting. N evertheless, there are some factors that accounts for some companies tending to successfully implement ERP, while others experience failure. Such factors include the corporate culture of different organizations, inadequate training and the failure to plan properly and set realistic objectives by some organizations (Lam, 2007 p63). Table of Contents Clear budgeting and goal setting 6 Constituting a good team 6 Change management 7 Business process re-engineering 8 ERP implementation models 8 Workflow model 8 Partial implementation model 10 Why some companies tend to successfully implement ERP while others experience failure 11 Inadequate training 11 Corporate culture 12 Inadequate planning, budgeting and unrealistic expectations 12 The benefits of deploying ERP systems 13 Improved data accessibility 13 Saving on infrastructure costs 13 Resource sharing 14 Improved network management 14 Conclusion 14 Appendix 15 References 17 Introduction Information is the fundamental resource for any successful business, considering that it is through the access and use of the available information regarding the product, the customers’ needs, markets, the suppliers and the competitors, that a business is able to strategize its operations, so that the operations will suit into the existing business environment, and thus allow the business to thrive and overcome the challenges posed by the business environment, as well as the competitive forces. The modern business environment has become increasingly competitive, owing to the advancement in technologies, changing customer needs and preferences, stringent legal requirements controlling the business environment, as well as the improved modern infrastructure that allows for easier accessibility to products and services (Leon, 2008 p57). Therefore, the modern business strategies are focused on surviving in the face of stiff competition, through the application of information as the main business resource to meets the needs of the customers, while also fitting into the current business environment. This necessitates the need for a suitable information management system, which allows the business to operate smoothly internally, while also relating productively with the external business environment. It is this need that has seen the emergence and dominance of the

We are Americans Undocumented Students Pursuing the American Dream Annotated Bibliography

We are Americans Undocumented Students Pursuing the American Dream - Annotated Bibliography Example As the â€Å"old man† illustrated within the story disputes the changes that have taken place, the reality of the fact is that a greater level of social cohesion is represented within the town he lives; even if he might feel uncomfortable with this. Census data indicated that the vast majority of North American population could trace their own heritage, or that of their parents, to a foreign country. This helps to illustrate the strong immigrant backgrounds that are represented within North America; up until the current time. However, the piece also goes into a great deal of discussion referencing the way in which former immigrants came to view â€Å"newer† immigrants as something â€Å"separate† and alien. This behavior has had negative ramifications with respect to the degree and extent to which otherwise similar individuals have been able to coalesce into a diverse or homogenous society. Yet, the authors point to the fact that the same underlying motivation ha s encouraged virtually all of these immigrants to come to North America; the promise of economic freedom and the ability to start their lives afresh. With this underlying concept standing at the core of similarity between these otherwise diverse peoples, the authors effectively underscore the similarity of self-interest serves as the main similarity that is otherwise exhibited.

The Duty of the Employer to the Employee is the sole focus of Health Essay

The Duty of the Employer to the Employee is the sole focus of Health and Safety Law in Ireland - Essay Example Regardless of the post or position in an organisation each and every employee is protected by the law governing provisions on safety conditions in an organization. However, many organizations breach these laws. For this reason, employees have the responsibility of ensuring they receive the proper safety precautions from their organization. Additionally, employees should demand compensation in case of an accident in their organization2. On many occasions, many employees choose to sue their organisation in case of an accident. However, there are laws that protect an organisation from unnecessary law suits. In Ireland, employees are protected by the Health and Safety Authority (HSA). The body is responsible for the provision of guidelines under which employees and employers relate to workplace safety. The organisation also provides evaluation and analysis reports on the state of workplace safety in Ireland. The body also governs the way in which workplace safety disputes are solved. Workplace safety in Ireland is the creation of HAS since it has been functioning as a workers union in the country in terms of protecting employees from hazardous working environments3. The author further argues that the establishment of the organisation was a big step towards the global campaign of ensuring employers is responsible for their employees’ safety. As a nation, Ireland has large industrial market under which millions of human resources are employed across the nation. This number is also comprised of the self employed persons. Additionally, employers are also including both public and private companies4. Under the HAS all these organizations are governed by the rules and regulation provided by the organization. The large industrial market in Ireland greatly depends on the effort by the human resources and for this reason they have to be protected from hazardous working conditions. In a workplace safety report according to the HSA there was 7658 non-fatal accident

Reading reflection Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading reflection - Article Example Applied statistics is defined as statistics but with more emphasis on practically applying statistics rather than studying its theoretical basis (Business Dictionary, 2013). There are numerous areas where statistics is used by statisticians to make sense of a situation including weather forecasting, stock prediction of market prices and market research to find demand of a product. In Chatfield’s paper, there are two main themes that are discussed. The first theme, understanding strategy is as important as knowing technique, and the second theme, avoiding trouble is complementary to and perquisite for, achieving optimally and therefore deserves at least equal attention (Chatfield, 1991). There are ways in which these two main themes can be implemented when working with clients. A client who owns a health clinic may want to know the relationship between types of patients that come to the clinic and the diseases they have. Before examining the first theme, we should understand wh at understanding strategy is. Understanding strategy is seen as being based on factors including processes, mechanisms and forces. In implementing the first theme, the first step will be to apply understanding strategy to find out the patients diseases and demographics of the patients (age, height, eye color, weight). The second step will be to go through the patients’ diseases data detailing the type of disease, where the disease came from, the circumstance leading to getting the disease among others. The third step will be to know the relationship between disease and the patients’ information or data. Since, the data had been understood while examining the demographics of the patients and the disease the patients are having, it becomes easy to know the relationship between disease and the patients’ data. Moving on to the second theme, avoiding trouble while conducting statistical study is crucial in order to obtain uncompromised results. There can be a scenari o where a client has a running sports shoe as a product and wants to know its demand before launching it in the market. In order to avoid the trouble of introducing this product that is not needed in the market, a proper statistical research has to be conducted. Just as Chatfield (1991) suggests, questions will need to be asked concerning the background of the product and the objectives it wants to accomplish in the market. In this case the objectives may be concerned with selling the shoes to a demographic group that loves running sports shoes. The demographic group will consist of people from ages 18 to 35 years living in the United States living in the rural or urban areas. This will ensure that good data is collected that best describes the demographic group. In case the demographic data collected is not sufficient or is not trusted, questions concerning untrusted information should be asked to clarify any issues. In the end, examinations should be carried out to address whether the objectives have been fulfilled or whether there are some changes that have to be carried out to make the collectable statistical data even better. This will ensure that the client gets the best statistical results concerning the demand of running sports shoes in the market before launching it. Chatfield (1991) approaches statistics in a more elaborate sequential manner. The first step he takes is formulating the problem by asking relevant questions about the background

Finance Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance Analysis - Assignment Example The company’s debt to total assets and the debt to equity ratio clearly shows that the company has been keen towards loan finance and currently the company’s debt as a percentage to its total has exceeded over 50%. The company’s quick ratio portrays a falling trend. This reduction in the quick ratio suggests that the company may face problems in paying of its obligations as they fall due, this can be because of an increase in debt obligation and a reduction in the ability to convert stock into cash (as shown by the inventory turnover ratio). 2. Assuming that the share price for REC company is $30, the company’s P/E ratio in the year 2004 would be 15.3 (30/1.96 (Market price per share/ EPS)). This P/E ratio can be considered to be good with respect to the clothing industry, hence it can be deduced that a $30 price per share for the REC company is the best value for money for an investor (Yahoo Finance, 2011). 3. The days payable outstanding ratio for the REC company is 41 days. This collection period is higher than the industry average, hence it clearly suggests that the wholesaler would be paid in comparison to the industry trend. As a wholesaler, this would not be amusing and would result in selling shoes to other retailers rather than REC company, who would pay a bit earlier i.e. in line with the industry average of days payable outstanding ratio. 4. As a recent college graduate, I would definitely join the company as the company seems to be a good learning prospect. The company operates in two different industries i.e. recreational equipment and clothing hence it would provide good learning exposure for me. The company’s finance department seems to be operating efficiently, considering the financial statements and the ratios prepared by the finance department. The financial statements seem to prepared after considering the relevant accounting and financial standards hence it the seniors

The Duty of the Employer to the Employee is the sole focus of Health Essay

The Duty of the Employer to the Employee is the sole focus of Health and Safety Law in Ireland - Essay Example Regardless of the post or position in an organisation each and every employee is protected by the law governing provisions on safety conditions in an organization. However, many organizations breach these laws. For this reason, employees have the responsibility of ensuring they receive the proper safety precautions from their organization. Additionally, employees should demand compensation in case of an accident in their organization2. On many occasions, many employees choose to sue their organisation in case of an accident. However, there are laws that protect an organisation from unnecessary law suits. In Ireland, employees are protected by the Health and Safety Authority (HSA). The body is responsible for the provision of guidelines under which employees and employers relate to workplace safety. The organisation also provides evaluation and analysis reports on the state of workplace safety in Ireland. The body also governs the way in which workplace safety disputes are solved. Workplace safety in Ireland is the creation of HAS since it has been functioning as a workers union in the country in terms of protecting employees from hazardous working environments3. The author further argues that the establishment of the organisation was a big step towards the global campaign of ensuring employers is responsible for their employees’ safety. As a nation, Ireland has large industrial market under which millions of human resources are employed across the nation. This number is also comprised of the self employed persons. Additionally, employers are also including both public and private companies4. Under the HAS all these organizations are governed by the rules and regulation provided by the organization. The large industrial market in Ireland greatly depends on the effort by the human resources and for this reason they have to be protected from hazardous working conditions. In a workplace safety report according to the HSA there was 7658 non-fatal accident

Finance Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance Analysis - Assignment Example The company’s debt to total assets and the debt to equity ratio clearly shows that the company has been keen towards loan finance and currently the company’s debt as a percentage to its total has exceeded over 50%. The company’s quick ratio portrays a falling trend. This reduction in the quick ratio suggests that the company may face problems in paying of its obligations as they fall due, this can be because of an increase in debt obligation and a reduction in the ability to convert stock into cash (as shown by the inventory turnover ratio). 2. Assuming that the share price for REC company is $30, the company’s P/E ratio in the year 2004 would be 15.3 (30/1.96 (Market price per share/ EPS)). This P/E ratio can be considered to be good with respect to the clothing industry, hence it can be deduced that a $30 price per share for the REC company is the best value for money for an investor (Yahoo Finance, 2011). 3. The days payable outstanding ratio for the REC company is 41 days. This collection period is higher than the industry average, hence it clearly suggests that the wholesaler would be paid in comparison to the industry trend. As a wholesaler, this would not be amusing and would result in selling shoes to other retailers rather than REC company, who would pay a bit earlier i.e. in line with the industry average of days payable outstanding ratio. 4. As a recent college graduate, I would definitely join the company as the company seems to be a good learning prospect. The company operates in two different industries i.e. recreational equipment and clothing hence it would provide good learning exposure for me. The company’s finance department seems to be operating efficiently, considering the financial statements and the ratios prepared by the finance department. The financial statements seem to prepared after considering the relevant accounting and financial standards hence it the seniors

Development of Youth Culture Essay Example for Free

Development of Youth Culture Essay There is no single reason for the development of culture; rather, it came about as a result of the number of different social changes occurring at the same time. These developments included the increasing economic power of young people, the influence of the USA and globalisation, social changes at the end of World War 2, development of the media, demographic change in the numbers of young people and the transition to adulthood. Defining youth culture can be difficult because different cultures and interruptions in employment status’s can affect the perspective of what â€Å"youth† is. Culture is the way we live within our culture and youth culture is the way youth lives within it but because of the difficulties youth culture could mean different things to different cultures. Youth culture developed in the early 1950’s, although the idea of youth as a phase in life has a longer history. Youth culture was first developed in America after World War 2, which then Britain decided to follow due to media and other influences from America. In my opinion the most important factor that developed youth culture was the economic changes in society. Due to the demand in workers after the Second World War there was an economic growth. The first person to realise the impact this was having on young people was Abram’s (1959) who analysed the increased economic power of the ‘teenage consumer’. There was a noticeable pattern in what was getting most money spent on, because young people were the age group spending the highest proportion of their income on leisure activities and music, clothes and cosmetics. This increase in economic power created the conditions for the emerging youth culture to develop. For the first time, young people had significant amounts of money to spend. Another extremely important factor for the development was the social change at the end of World War 2. There was much more opportunities for young people and possibilities at this time. Before the war, Britain was characterized by a class structure. By the time it came to the 1950s, we started to see a change in the economy and this opened up oppurtunities and individual expression. Judging on conventional standards, opportunities were becoming bigger. Cinema, art, literature and theatre began to explore new ideas. Amongst many new ideas was that young people were a distinctive group with new values and ideas about their place in society. The next important development for youth culture in my opinion was the influence of the USA and globalisation. With the changing culture and the growth in affluence of the 1950s, there was a ready market for American goods and culture, which included rock and roll music and other products aimed at the new ‘teenage market’. A quote from Leech (’76) saying ‘youthquake’ explained how a change in the new youth was such a sudden change it was like an earthquake. Globalisation recognised what young people wanted and advertised it more. I think the next development of the youth culture which was important was the growth and specialization of media. Media was becoming a lot more popular and so was advertisement. The media started to advertise the products that young people during that time wanted and this was a massive boost for the economics and spread quickly across the world. The 1950’s saw an explosion of different sorts of media. This was only possible because of the growth in social diversity and an increase in spending power that persuaded companies to spend large amounts of money advertising the new media. As a high-spending and newly discovered group, young people became the target for advertisers and hence the commercial media competed to attract this market. Another social condition that made the development of youth culture possible was transition to adulthood. Transition refers to the movement from being economically and socially dependent on parents, towards independence. The length of transition increased over the 20th century as the average period in education. Due to the longer age of being in education, it meant that typical adult responsibilities were taken on increasingly later in life, leaving young people with a number of years where they were physically mature but without the responsibilities of adulthood. This caused young people to want their own place in society. The last social condition that helped youth culture become possible was the demographic change in numbers of young people. After the war because couple had been split for so long because of hundreds of men being sent abroad, many sexual experiences had been delayed for years. The result was that when the men were released from the armed forces in 1945/46, there was a huge increase in birth rate. Although many of the children born at this time were not ‘teenagers’ until the end of 1950’s, they did ensure that youth culture continued and grew as a cultural form. Around 50 to 60 years ago, for the first time, a youth culture appeared to be emerging – young people appeared to be developing their own values, customs, tastes, clothes, music and language. After studying and discussing all the different social conditions that developed youth culture I have discovered that youth culture wasn’t made overnight. It took all these 6 main factors to create this culture and carry it on until this day. Economics was the most important condition in my opinion due to the fact that it all started because of the economic boost after World War 2. America was the country that started this youth culture and Britain followed it after the war ended. Abercrombie et al. (2000) has suggested that youth culture has three distinguishing features: leisure, style and peer group.

Reflection on Leadership Skills for the Forces

Reflection on Leadership Skills for the Forces Task 1: From LC â€Å"Context† lessons 6-9, describe ONE significant insight that you have gained and explain why. The concept of â€Å"Organisational Culture† taught in Lesson 7 left the deepest impression on me, as I sought to ponder and apply this concept in the context of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), specifically the Army. The key question that arose was whether there is a uniform culture in the Army. If so, what is important about the presence of such a culture? As I sought to clarify these questions, a related concept of leadership came into mind. Undeniably, the leadership of an organisation would form and develop, or even change the foundation of its values and cultural norms. These values, assumptions and norms can then shape an organisation’s culture. According to Colins and Porras, leaders need to adopt a firm belief that some things should never change (Collins Porras, 2011). Some things such as the SAF core values and beliefs ought to remain unchanged as alterations could potentially lead to destabilisation. Using my experience while serving as an Officer in Command (OC) and the observations of my Divisional Commander, BG Lam Shui Tong; I would explain how leadership is able to shape the organisation’s value systems, and in the process align the followers to its mission statement, purpose and values. As an OC, I was in charge of a ‘support’ company of 150 men from different walks of lives, and my duty was to train them to become operationally ready soldiers. To align everyone with SAF’s mission statement, I consciously inculcated the message of ‘Always (being) Ready and Expect the Unexpected’ into my men. I also made it a point to ensure that I am a positive role model who ‘walks the talk’ and to facilitate their internalising of this core value. Over time, it was observed that my men were more self-motivated and strived to become more competent. At the higher level, I observed the same dynamics at work. My Divisional Commander, BG Lam, believed strongly in a culture of fitness. He held the belief that physical fitness activities can bond people and build their character. To instil this culture of fitness within the organisation, events such as â€Å"Olympics Challenge†, Friendship runs, Frisbee and cycling were organised. As a leader who ‘walks the talk’, he would personally conduct physical training for the division on Mondays and for all NS units during their In Camp Training. On Wednesdays and Fridays, he would play Frisbee and cycle with his men. Over time, everyone began to appreciate the greater sense of camaraderie, as well as improved fitness levels. These two examples demonstrated that a leader’s actions can influence and impact organisational culture. When the individuals within the organisation are influenced with the organisation’s culture, they become more committed and aligned with the organisation’s shared values and vision. Task 2: State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to after CSC. Analyse and describe key aspects of the leadership context of the appointment that you will face, using the circle from SAF Leadership Framework and concepts you learnt from lesson 6-9. After CSC, I will have the opportunity to command a NS Infantry Battalion (IB). As a NS CO, I am responsible for NSmen who will come under my charge. These NSmen are soldiers who have completed the 2 years of national service and my core responsibility is to ensure that they continue to be competent, and are operationally ready. The foundation and strength of our Army lies in our people, thus my first emphasis would be to understand the composition, values and history of the unit. During the NSmen’s active days, the CO would have made a positive impact to the soldiers and some form of organisational culture would have been formed. As their NS CO, there is a need for me to sincerely understand and analyse the unit’s culture before proposing any change. Even in the implementation of new rules or norms, the process has to be gradual to allow for ease of adjustment. In addition, the SAF 24/7 Leadership Framework will serve as a reference point for me to influence my soldiers towards achieving the unit’s mission and purpose, the desired outcomes and new operating environment (Yin, 2011). Fundamentally, it must be understood the motivation of NSmen will be different from their active days (Chee, 2012). However, I believe our core SAF values will be the binding factor in a unit of diverse personalities. In managing such diversity, I foresee having to apply direct leadership. Specifically, during their ICT, the adoption of direct leadership methodology such as â€Å"Meet The People† sessions is important in providing an open communication channel, which will allow the NSmen to raise their concerns and for me to respond appropriately. In order to facilitate such communication effectively, it is paramount to bring on board my key appointment holders such as the Principal Staff Officers and OCs. In situations, such as mobilisation exercises, there will be a need to exercise organisational level leadership. Besides having to empower my commanders, there has to be a focus on addressing complex policies such as NS training requirements. Through the application of different leadership levels, and communicating the unit’s mission, purpose and values to every stakeholder, it will provide the platform to achieving SAF’s mission. Task 3: Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for this appointment. First, with the SAF 24/7 Leadership Framework (Figure 1), I understood the theoretical basis of having to possess the ‘right’ values, so as to guide my actions. My values should, and need to be aligned with the organisation’s values; in order for me to convey SAF’s vision effectively through my speech and actions. With this self-awareness, I understand that my actions can either positively or negatively influence my followers’ behaviours. Second, I have learnt from LLC lecture 5 that appropriate leadership style is dependent on situations. This is because the adoption of different leadership styles will allow for more effective addressing of the issues faced by my subordinates. As a Battalion Commander, I need to change my leadership styles according to the competency, motivational and commitment levels of the staff under my charge. A/P Chan also highlighted that a leader should possess a â€Å"full repertoire of styles 6† to suit different situations. As I build upon this new understanding of a spectrum of leadership styles, it is essential for me to exercise flexibility and adjust my leadership style accordingly. Third, prior to attending CSC, I was introduced to the Leadership, Management and Command Model (LMC) when I read the SAF Pointer Monograph â€Å"Called to Lead†. Then, I saw LMC as three separate skill sets that a leader ought to possess, and that a leader cannot be effective in all 3 domains. After attending the LLC lectures (1 to 5), I gained a more thorough understanding of the 3 domains that are intertwined. I gained the insight that I cannot afford to exercise my role as Leader, Manager, and Commander (in the position of a Battalion Commander) independently of each other. Instead, I have to work on exercising all three domains simultaneously. This relationship is illustrated in Figure 2. The LMC model provides a clear conceptual tool to analyse and formulate my command and leadership strategy accordingly. In the scenario where my subordinates are already doing a good job in administration and resource management, I can then devote more time and effort in motivating and inspiring my team. Task 4: My leadership strengths and weaknesses. How do I intend to deal with my weakness. As an SAF personnel who has been deployed into various appointments and also through the feedback channels available in this course, I understand that my strengths lie in the ability to employ values-based leadership, and interpersonal effectiveness. In leading my staff, I consciously endeavour to treat every man fairly and respectfully. Also, I ensure that my actions are guided by sound moral principles, and be willing to take responsibility for my actions. For my commitment to employ values-based leadership, I am well-regarded by my superiors and subordinates Possessing interpersonal effectiveness is another strength of mine that would help to establish and maintain good relationships in the workplace. In order for the SAF to excel in its mission of national defence effectively, it is essential that a strong rapport is established between colleagues with different job functionalities. The strong bonds and cordial relations would help the big SAF family to support to one another through challenging times. To enhance my effectiveness as a leader, it would be beneficial that I strengthen my skills in the area of communicating to influence, and in exercising style flexibility. When there is a need to share my ideas, the natural instinct would be to convey my thoughts in a direct manner, and assume that they will be accepted wholly by others because my ideas are anchored on logical thinking and research. When this does not happen, I would presume that others are less informed than I am. Upon deeper reflection, I internalised the learning point that it is necessary for me to explain the rationale of my ideas, so as to encourage acceptance by others. Essentially, part of effective leadership is â€Å"†¦ the process of influencing others to achieve a common outcome†[1]. Through the opportunities provided in this course, I would make a conscious attempt to explain the rationale of my ideas to my course-mates. The other area that I could work on is to exercise style flexibility, according to the situation and circumstances. When there is a need to tackle problems, I have the tendency to approach the issue in a rigid manner. As a result, I appear to be stubborn or foolhardy. The lesson on FRLM increased my knowledge of the different leadership styles that a leader could undertake. I would consciously explore utilising transformational leadership instead of relying heavily on transactional leadership. I have requested for my CSC buddy and my course-mates to provide feedback on my progress. REFERENCES SAF Leadership Development Doctrine Directive 2/2004, SAF Leadership Framework dated 26 Jul 2004 SAF Leadership Development Doctrine Directive 3/2004, SAF Leadership Competency Model dated 26 Jul 2004 Chan, K.Y.; Soh, S. Ramaya, R. (2011). Military Leadership in the 21st Century: Science and Practice. 1 [1] Chan Kim-Yin, Star Soh, Regena Ramaya (2011), Military Leadership in the 21st Century: Science and Practice. Cenage Learning, p4.

Health Policy and Chronic Pain Management Essay -- palliative care, ch

Introduction   Pain is not always curable but effects the life of millions of people. This essay examines the Essence of Care 2010: Benchmarks for the Prevention and Management of Pain (DH, 2010). Particularly reflecting on a practical working knowledge of its implementation and its relevance to nursing practice. It is part of the wider ranging Essence of Care policy, that includes all the latest benchmarks developed since it was first launched in 2001. It was produced specifically to improve localized quality in the delivery of healthcare. The document was chosen because I have a particular interest in palliative care and those suffering from chronic pain. Pain effects the quality of life effecting large numbers of the population, especially those near the end of life. This essay will look at defining what social policy is and give a brief overview of the selected policy. Examining the need for the policy, statistical evidence supporting this. Then the pressure groups lobbying and who may have been influential in policy development. The goals and objectives set out in the policy and subsequently analysing one aspect of the policy in particular are included. How patient care and nurses delivery of said care is improved by this policy. Practically considering the difficulties involved in implementing the policy in nursing practice. Along with methods of delivery and evaluation. Body So what is social policy? David Gill is often regarded as one of the most authoritive authors on the subject (1973 cited by Lavalette and Pratt 1997). For Gill it was â€Å"the analysis of access to life-enhancing and life-sustaining resources† In his book 'Social Policy' (Titmuss, 1974) Timuss suggested that 'policy' is action-orientated and proble... ...n.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/269185/003542.pdf [last accessed 6/5/2013] Titmuss, R. (1974) Social Policy. London: Unwin Hymen publishers. Toofany, S. (2005) Nurses and health policy. Nursing Management :(12)3 :pp. 26-30 Winfield, H., Katsikitis, M., Hart, L. and Rounsefell, B. (1989). Postoperative pain experiences: Relevant patient and staff attitudes. [online] 34(5): pp.543-552. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8V-45WYV7R-7G&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=35e6b5e8c8f803b487b35d4ae3b06cef&searchtype=a[ [accessed 8/5/2013] World Health Organization (WHO)(2011). WHO's Pain Ladder.[online] Available at: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/. [Accessed 7/5/2013].

Employee view of a Fat Person :: essays research papers

Overweight Americans face discrimination every day. This type of discrimination is a violation of The Civil Rights Act of 1964(Title VII, 42 U.S.C.  § 2000 et seq.) which â€Å"established basic federal law on employment discrimination† (http://www.obesity.org/discrimination/employment.shtml). Three major factors contribute to being overweight. These factors are hereditary, medication and ethnicity. An obese person may be entitled to claim disability payments from the Social Security Administration. Discrimination against an employee for being overweight would be wrong when the Social Security Administration recognizes obesity as a disability. Adults who qualify for disability claim it for muscle or skeletal complications. Severe obesity inflicts the body with pain and affects normal daily activities. When severely obese people find performance in their occupation of choice is compromised and qualifies for disability. Individuals use disability programs for assistance when they cannot commit to normal employment. â€Å"The American Obesity Association defends the rights of disabled persons with obesity, because obesity: is a disease, is the second leading cause of premature death, can cause many health conditions such as diabetes and coronary heart disease, is a source of stigmatization and discrimination, can lead to a poor quality of life and impaired mobility, can cause physical and emotional pain that can be disabling† (http://www.obesity.org/subs/disability). Companies should not discriminate against anyone with this type of disability since the Social Security Administration considers obesity a disability. If an obese person can do her job without any inabilities, there should be no reason for an overweight employee to be dismissed. Obesity is a factor of a heredity condition. Obesity is defined â€Å"as a weight more than 20% above what is considered normal according to standard age, height, and weight tables, or by a complex formula known as the body mass index† (http://www.encyclopedia.com/printable.asp?url=/ssi/o1/obesity.html). This condition runs in families but does not mean an individual is predisposed to it. Some contributing factors to obesity are sedentary lifestyles and poor eating habits. The environmental factor that contributes to overweight problems includes little or no physical activity. Most adults working long hours do not have time for physical activities. Companies should promote physical activities within the organization to help employees become more active. Psychological factors influence eating habits. Employees who become depressed will overeat. Negative emotions including boredom, sadness, or anger may influence employees eating habits. Employers should offer mental health programs to assist employees when dealing with emotional situations. Certain medications are known to increase weight.